Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. Boko haram has destroyed properties worth more than 1. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers. The return of women formerly affiliated with the boko haram insurgency to areas under the governments control is a challenge for nigerias authorities. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over various issues between nigerian islamic organizations. Boko haram s objective is to establish islamic rule in nigeria through imposition of sharia law throughout the country. Islamism, politics, security and the state in nigeria. Mother and child in an internally displaced peoples camp yola, adamawa state.
Nigeria and the lake chad region beyond boko haram i slamist insurgency boko haram has beset north eastern nigeria and the lake chad region over the past eight years and caused more than 20,000 deaths. Boko haram and the nigerian insurgency kindle edition by. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in nigeria the boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. Since 2015, tens of thousands have fled the group or been captured or rescued by the army. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria joseph okwesili nkwede a, emmanuel ogbonna abah b, oliver uchenna nwankwo c a,c department of political science, faculty of social sciences and humanities. The return to democracy in nigeria in may, 1999 brought hopes of development and political stability to nigeria. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. Jomun xv american international school of johannesburg.
Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko. Boko haram insurgency, internally displaced persons and humanitarian response in northeast nigeria article pdf available august 2016 with 18,122 reads how we measure reads. In order to better understand boko haram now and in the future, this report, edited by jacob zenn, challenges some key misconceptions about the insurgency and provides new analyses and continued. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study administered 150 questionnaires out of. Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria when a. Nigerian government to combat the group, boko haram s activities continue to spread across the region.
Anthonys college, 62 woodstock road, ox2 6jf, uk abstract. The transformation that brought about the differentiation and integration of the boko haram insurgence confirmed what spencer, simmel, khaldum and darwin 1968 1859 in the. Six theories of the boko haram insurgency by tony osborg ossai the radical and systematic operation of the boko haram sect has become. Media, terrorism, boko haram, insurgency, reporting introduction around the globe, insurgency has sadly become one of the defining features of our society today. Finally, boko haram and other terrorist groups will always continue to be as long as the government and media fail to mitigate terrorists exploitation of the news cycle. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. Nigerias struggles with a conflict more dangerous than the. Nigerias struggles with a conflict more dangerous than. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Genesis of the boko haram insurgency the sect, which startes as a nonviolent group, dates to the late 1990s. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. Nigeria and the lake chad region beyond boko haram policy. Pdf boko haram insurgency, internally displaced persons. Irregular warfare now and in the future conclusion readers guide western democracies have had difficulty responding to the new reality of global violent extremist terrorism.
Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in. Ladanbaki nigerian turkish nile university, abuja, nigeria abstract one of the greatest challenges facing the nigerian state is known to be the issue of insurgency predominantly in the north eastern part of the country. The research analysis revealed that the boko haram insurgency has. Frequently asked questions congressional research service summary boko haram, a violent nigerian islamist movement, has grown increasingly active and deadly in its attacks against state and civilian targets in recent years, drawing on a narrative of victimization. Boko haram and the nigerian insurgency kindle edition by mcnamara, brendan, milliken, ryan, chatt, allen, procknow, evan, mcnamara, brendan, plaster, graham. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. Increasing job opportunities and access to the people this would minimize the appeal to join into boko haram. About 57% of all schools in borno state were closed due to the boko haram insurgency, affecting the education of about 3 million children. The exact date of the emergence of the boko haram sect is mired in controversy, especially if one relies on media accounts. Boko harams insurgency, but it also identifies gaps in the literature. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization.
Boko haram was reported to have killed 380 people between april and september 2017 in the lake chad area. Six theories of the boko haram insurgency by tony osborg. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. Although this was welcomed by the lcbc countries and benin, they nevertheless expressed concerns about the proposal. Haram fighters in recent attacks, as shown in the seizures made by state security forces in northern.
To address the boko haram crisis in nigeria, this study looked at maos theory of revolutionary war as a guide to understand the group. Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko haram. Actions taken so far are retroactive in nature rather than proactive. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in. As such, nigeria should be wary of its political failings, it creates a void that necessarily must be filled. As such, nigeria should be wary of its political failings, it creates a void that necessarily must be filled by whom is the question. Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. The attacks this year have been incessant and brutal. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. Essay is qualitative onecase study limited by the context of nigeria and boko haram violent activities, with focus on years of 20022016, when boko haram was operatively active.
As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. The media and boko haram insurgency in nigeria a content. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over. This study examined the counselling implications of boko haram terrorism and insurgency in institutions of. Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. The last decade in nigeria has experienced an increase in violent. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges.
This was a presidential statement condemning attacks by oko haram, highlighting the groups use of children as suicide bombers on 10 and 11 january and oko harams attack on the town of aga, nigeria from 3 to 7 january. The paper attempts to shift from descriptive explanation of the. Six theories of the boko haram insurgency by tony osborg ossai the radical and systematic operation of the boko haram sect has become too sophisticated to be left alone for puerile nigerian. Boko haram s insurgency is fueled by nigerias history, geopolitical structure, ethnoreligious composition and socioeconomic disparities. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. It argues that nigerias failure to nip the insurgency in the bud is. The first is that all types of irregular warfare, including terrorism and insurgency, are. Even before the boko haram insurgency, northeastern nigeria had the lowest. Once these initial reservations and hesitations had been overcome in the face of what was considered by some. Boko haram insurgency not over yet premium times nigeria. Insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria.
Like most issues in nigeria, the boko haram insurgency has been politicised. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Therefore, this study aims to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security system. Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page ii in government camps where food is scarce and healthcare dismal. Nigeria and boko haram violent activities, with focus on years of 20022016, when boko haram was operatively active. Evolutionary perspective boko haram eventually waxed stronger and metamorphosed into the complicated phenomenon it is today. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political alienation. Two themes run through the long history of irregular warfare. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers july 2, 2017 idris ibrahim file photo. Fresh insights from the social identity theory daniel e. It has made frontpage news worldwide through its abductions of schoolgirls and claimed affiliation to terrorist the islamic state.
West africa report issue 19 september 2016 5 haram by putting in place a regional force. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. One of the most important findings of the thesis is that religion can be a dominate cause of conflict.
Pdf since 2009 when boko haram launched its first attack in nigeria, the. Boko harams fouryearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, cost more than 4,000 lives, displaced close to half a million, destroyed hundreds of schools and government buildings and devastated an already ravaged economy in the north east, one of nigerias poorest regions. Boko haram has been evolving in northeastern nigeria for over a decade. The boko haram insurgency, by the numbers washington post. Inuwa said economic activities in borno state have dropped to its lowest ebb as a result of the protracted boko haram insurgency which has made. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden. The primary objective of this book is to understand the nature of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria. She said no fewer than 20,000 lives were lost while 1. Pdf the continued bombings, killings, kidnappings and the destruction of property by boko haram have become of great concern to the nigerian. Boko harams goal of an islamic caliphate, starting in the borno state in the north east that will eventually cover the areas of the former kanemborno empire, is a rejection of the modern state system forced on it by the west. Along the way, the paper considers the social dynamics of poverty and relative deprivation in northern especially northeastern nigeria as important proximate factors fanning the flames of boko harams violent campaign. Aug 09, 2017 the insurgency has also had a massive economic cost, particularly in borno state, in northeast nigeria, the epicenter of boko harams war. Pdf boko haram insurgency, internally displaced persons and. A screen grab taken on may 12, 2014, from a video of nigerian islamist extremist group boko haram shows a.
An overview of the challenges of insurgency in nigeria. The study is an overview of the challenges of insurgency in bauchi state with specific reference to bauchi local government area from 20112015. After varying degrees of screening and reintegration support. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Pdf the socioeconomic implications of boko haram insurgency. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria joseph okwesili nkwede a, emmanuel ogbonna abah b, oliver uchenna nwankwo c a,c department of political science, faculty of social sciences and humanities, ebonyi state university, abakaliki, nigeria. In the last month well over 100 people across three states have been killed by suspected nomadic herders, largely from the northern fulani ethnicity and muslim. In reality, whatever boko haram did or claimed to do is contrary to islamic teaching of prophet muhammad peace and blessing be upon him. In order to understand how the boko haram insurgency threatens security, it is pertinent to provide a background of its evolution. These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting.
Allison 2015 is of the view that, despite the slow start, the. The insurgency has also had a massive economic cost, particularly in borno state, in northeast nigeria, the epicenter of boko harams war. In a conflict that has no easy answers and no solutions in sight, boko haram is already and will remain one of africas enduring insurgencies. Over the last year, the threat of the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria has gradually waned, yet a more deadly and farreaching conflict has emerged. It is the most problematic issue that threats economic, political and social development of the country. Nation listing entry describes boko haram as an affiliate of alqaeda and also one of the organisations of alqaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim reuters, 2014. Although the ongoing terrorism of boko haram in northern nigeria has elicited. Boko haram and the african unions response 235 we have observed that the au has not taken a lead role in combating the seditious group. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading boko haram and the nigerian insurgency. In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. Haram out of necessity, to combine efforts against the nigerian security forces. Nigerian state, national security, insurgency, boko haram. Agbiboa university of oxford, queen elizabeth house qeh oxford department of international development odid st.
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